Stem torsional shear stress verification at keyway, flat key driver, plain round and ball connection sections for fixed-shaft ball valves. — Valve Stem Force Synthesis
| Section Modulus Keyway (Wn1) | -- | mm³ |
| Shear Stress Keyway (τN1) | -- | MPa |
| Section Modulus Flat Key (Wn3) | -- | mm³ |
| Shear Stress Flat Key (τN3) | -- | MPa |
| Shoulder Shear (τ) | -- | MPa |
| Bearing Stress [σJY] | -- | MPa |
| Judgment | -- |